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Country story
Bahrain
Bahrain is a long-established regional financial centre in which the central bank maintains separate rulebook volumes for conventional and Islamic banks.
Islamic banks operate under a dedicated supervisory volume alongside conventional institutions, making regulatory differentiation unusually visible.
Islamic banks operate under a dedicated supervisory volume alongside conventional institutions, making regulatory differentiation unusually visible.
The case helps separate a mature Islamic institutional infrastructure from the wider question of where bank financing is allocated.
Formal specialisation and governance depth coexist with a banking system embedded in regional wholesale finance.
Country aggregates cannot show the purpose of every financing claim or the influence of an individual shareholder.
Descriptive comparison
Gross capital formation
Latest available year: 2024.
Bahrain
View chart data
| Series | Year | Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bahrain · 2000 | 2,000 | 16.93 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2001 | 2,001 | 15.76 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2002 | 2,002 | 23.85 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2003 | 2,003 | 24.25 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2004 | 2,004 | 21.1 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2005 | 2,005 | 27.26 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2006 | 2,006 | 31 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2007 | 2,007 | 35.41 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2008 | 2,008 | 35.69 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2009 | 2,009 | 26.67 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2010 | 2,010 | 30.26 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2011 | 2,011 | 25.35 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2012 | 2,012 | 30.88 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2013 | 2,013 | 28.75 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2014 | 2,014 | 29.76 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2015 | 2,015 | 29.38 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2016 | 2,016 | 33.01 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2017 | 2,017 | 36.47 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2018 | 2,018 | 38.15 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2019 | 2,019 | 35.62 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2020 | 2,020 | 37.29 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2021 | 2,021 | 28.09 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2022 | 2,022 | 24.59 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2023 | 2,023 | 29.17 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Bahrain · 2024 | 2,024 | 28.44 | Authorised country-level annual series |
What this visual showsA verified country trajectory in the measure’s stated unit.
What it does not establishA causal effect of Islamic finance on the observed outcome.
Descriptive comparison
Financing directed towards FIRE-related activities
Country-year medians by bank type. Each point reports its covered-bank count.
FIRE ordinarily refers to finance, insurance and real estate. Here the measure is broader: it captures bank financing reported for financial institutions, insurance, real estate and consumer-durable activities. It is used as a proxy for firm-level financialisation. The measure does not imply that every underlying financing claim is speculative, harmful or unproductive. It is a sectoral-allocation proxy and a level measure that is sensitive to bank size.
ConventionalIslamic
View chart data
| Series | Year | Logged FIRE-related financing volume (natural log) (natural-log units) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional · 2000 | 2,000 | 24.9 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2000 | 2,000 | 19.69 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2001 | 2,001 | 24.64 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2001 | 2,001 | 19.57 | 4 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2002 | 2,002 | 24.23 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2002 | 2,002 | 19.47 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2003 | 2,003 | 26.52 | 3 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2003 | 2,003 | 19.81 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2004 | 2,004 | 25.61 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2004 | 2,004 | 19.93 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2005 | 2,005 | 26.2 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2005 | 2,005 | 20.15 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2006 | 2,006 | 26.64 | 3 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2006 | 2,006 | 20.48 | 7 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2007 | 2,007 | 26.29 | 5 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2007 | 2,007 | 20.82 | 7 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2008 | 2,008 | 26.05 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2008 | 2,008 | 20.92 | 8 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2009 | 2,009 | 23.62 | 3 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2009 | 2,009 | 21.11 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2010 | 2,010 | 25.89 | 5 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2010 | 2,010 | 21.2 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2011 | 2,011 | 25.94 | 5 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2011 | 2,011 | 21.13 | 8 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2012 | 2,012 | 26.05 | 5 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2012 | 2,012 | 21.11 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2013 | 2,013 | 25.49 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2013 | 2,013 | 21.24 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2014 | 2,014 | 25.37 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2014 | 2,014 | 21.36 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2015 | 2,015 | 25.28 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2015 | 2,015 | 21.35 | 8 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2016 | 2,016 | 26.24 | 8 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2016 | 2,016 | 21.49 | 8 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2017 | 2,017 | 27.36 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2017 | 2,017 | 21.49 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2018 | 2,018 | 27.46 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2018 | 2,018 | 21.62 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2019 | 2,019 | 26.95 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2019 | 2,019 | 21.79 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2020 | 2,020 | 26.76 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2020 | 2,020 | 21.72 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2021 | 2,021 | 27.54 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2021 | 2,021 | 21.93 | 9 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2022 | 2,022 | 28.19 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2022 | 2,022 | 21.74 | 9 covered banks |
What this visual showsDescriptive median logged volumes among covered banks.
What it does not establishA bank-size-adjusted or causal difference between bank types.
Institutional sources