Concepts teach
What does this mean?
Concepts
Begin with a clear definition, then move into history, disagreement, Islamic evaluation, evidence and related arguments.
Capital
When does wealth become capital?
Wealth or assets organised through relations that enable control, enforceable claims, expected return and accumulation.Financialisation
What changes when finance grows faster than production?
A growing dominance of financial claims, income, motives and institutions over productive and social priorities.Kasb
What makes a return legitimately earned?
Legitimate earning connected to effort, responsibility, productive contribution and exposure to the activity from which return arises.Circulation
Does movement keep wealth socially active—or only keep claims tradable?
The movement of wealth, claims, risk and surplus through institutions, sectors and social obligations.Risk and loss-bearing
Who carries the loss when things go wrong?
The institutional location of downside exposure, liability and responsibility when an expected return does not materialise.The first Concepts establish a shared vocabulary. They are not a permanent research agenda; future work can add, revise or contest them.