Research verifies
What kinds of evidence underpin the inquiry?
Research
Research is the evidence and methodology layer of Capital & Islam: foundational studies, methods, data, sources and published outputs, with the scope of each claim made explicit.
Evidence discipline
Every important claim should lead somewhere verifiable.
Capital & Islam distinguishes source literature, author interpretation, theory, history, data observation, econometric result, editorial synthesis, normative proposal and future hypothesis.
Capital and Financialisation in Islamic Banking
Conceptual and Empirical Essays in Islamic Moral Political Economy. A comparative study of capital, financialisation, Islamic banking and productive transformation across dual-banking economies.
Bank-level Model A
A multilevel analysis of firm-level FIRE-related financing with within-between adjustment and explicit coverage limits.
Country-level Model A
A two-way fixed-effects analysis of country change, common time shocks and the finance–production relationship.
Published evidence
Units, observation levels, coverage, transformations, missingness and public-access boundaries.
Works cited
The literature currently cited across Essays, Concepts and Research notes.
Through Islamic Banks
Muhammad Uzair Zulkifly · Essay · 2026. An attributed argument connecting theoretical interpretation, comparative evidence and institutional questions.
Public boundary
Transparent does not mean unrestricted.
Published views use authorised aggregates. Underlying bank and shareholder records are not distributed. Missing values remain unavailable, disputed classifications remain withheld, and methodological uncertainty travels with the claim it qualifies.