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Country story
Pakistan
Pakistan has pursued Islamic banking through full-fledged banks, subsidiaries, branches and windows.
The State Bank of Pakistan maintains a Sharīʿah governance framework, advisory committee and dedicated policy function.
The State Bank of Pakistan maintains a Sharīʿah governance framework, advisory committee and dedicated policy function.
The case places an explicit policy programme for Islamic banking beside persistent questions of investment, production and access.
Sector growth and regulatory commitment are not the same as evidence of economy-wide productive transformation.
The project cannot attribute national manufacturing outcomes to Islamic banks or observe every financing purpose.
Descriptive comparison
Manufacturing value added
Latest available year: 2024.
Pakistan
View chart data
| Series | Year | Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan · 2015 | 2,015 | 12.06 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2016 | 2,016 | 11.76 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2017 | 2,017 | 11.59 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2018 | 2,018 | 10.99 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2019 | 2,019 | 9.06 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2020 | 2,020 | 9.23 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2021 | 2,021 | 8.71 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2022 | 2,022 | 6.91 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2023 | 2,023 | 5.68 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Pakistan · 2024 | 2,024 | 4.6 | Authorised country-level annual series |
What this visual showsA verified country trajectory in the measure’s stated unit.
What it does not establishA causal effect of Islamic finance on the observed outcome.
Descriptive comparison
Financing directed towards FIRE-related activities
Country-year medians by bank type. Each point reports its covered-bank count.
FIRE ordinarily refers to finance, insurance and real estate. Here the measure is broader: it captures bank financing reported for financial institutions, insurance, real estate and consumer-durable activities. It is used as a proxy for firm-level financialisation. The measure does not imply that every underlying financing claim is speculative, harmful or unproductive. It is a sectoral-allocation proxy and a level measure that is sensitive to bank size.
ConventionalIslamic
View chart data
| Series | Year | Logged FIRE-related financing volume (natural log) (natural-log units) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional · 2000 | 2,000 | 24.31 | 1 covered bank |
| Islamic · 2000 | 2,000 | 16.42 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2001 | 2,001 | 23.53 | 2 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2001 | 2,001 | 16.87 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2002 | 2,002 | 23.09 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2002 | 2,002 | 16.48 | 2 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2003 | 2,003 | 23.24 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2003 | 2,003 | 16.42 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2004 | 2,004 | 23.2 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2004 | 2,004 | 16.34 | 2 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2005 | 2,005 | 24.04 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2005 | 2,005 | 18.18 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2006 | 2,006 | 24.58 | 5 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2006 | 2,006 | 17.3 | 4 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2007 | 2,007 | 25.29 | 4 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2007 | 2,007 | 16.6 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2008 | 2,008 | 24.69 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2008 | 2,008 | 16.91 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2009 | 2,009 | 24.69 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2009 | 2,009 | 16.89 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2010 | 2,010 | 24.85 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2010 | 2,010 | 18.16 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2011 | 2,011 | 24.77 | 7 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2011 | 2,011 | 18.14 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2012 | 2,012 | 27.08 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2012 | 2,012 | 18.12 | 5 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2013 | 2,013 | 27.26 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2013 | 2,013 | 18.75 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2014 | 2,014 | 27.2 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2014 | 2,014 | 18.92 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2015 | 2,015 | 27.15 | 12 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2015 | 2,015 | 19.32 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2016 | 2,016 | 25.82 | 9 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2016 | 2,016 | 19.56 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2017 | 2,017 | 26.6 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2017 | 2,017 | 19.75 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2018 | 2,018 | 26.68 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2018 | 2,018 | 19.65 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2019 | 2,019 | 26.95 | 15 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2019 | 2,019 | 19.59 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2020 | 2,020 | 27.22 | 15 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2020 | 2,020 | 19.65 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2021 | 2,021 | 27.61 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2021 | 2,021 | 19.8 | 6 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2022 | 2,022 | 27.59 | 14 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2022 | 2,022 | 19.68 | 6 covered banks |
What this visual showsDescriptive median logged volumes among covered banks.
What it does not establishA bank-size-adjusted or causal difference between bank types.
Institutional sources