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Country story
Turkey
Turkey’s Islamic institutions operate as participation banks within the national banking-regulation framework.
Participation banks are licensed and supervised by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency alongside deposit banks.
Participation banks are licensed and supervised by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency alongside deposit banks.
Turkey supplies a large, diversified production setting in which participation banking can be compared with broader credit and investment cycles.
Institutional naming and contract form do not insulate banks from inflation, exchange-rate and financing conditions.
The near-59 growth value is withheld: it is not supported by the 2000–2022 research workbooks, whose `growthcapital` series ends in 2019.
Descriptive comparison
Manufacturing value added
Latest available year: 2024.
Turkey
View chart data
| Series | Year | Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkey · 2000 | 2,000 | 18.72 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2001 | 2,001 | 17.73 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2002 | 2,002 | 16.97 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2003 | 2,003 | 17.16 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2004 | 2,004 | 17 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2005 | 2,005 | 16.97 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2006 | 2,006 | 17.13 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2007 | 2,007 | 16.87 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2008 | 2,008 | 16.34 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2009 | 2,009 | 15.21 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2010 | 2,010 | 15.12 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2011 | 2,011 | 16.53 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2012 | 2,012 | 15.94 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2013 | 2,013 | 16.4 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2014 | 2,014 | 16.91 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2015 | 2,015 | 16.77 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2016 | 2,016 | 16.84 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2017 | 2,017 | 17.57 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2018 | 2,018 | 18.91 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2019 | 2,019 | 18.26 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2020 | 2,020 | 19.03 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2021 | 2,021 | 22.12 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2022 | 2,022 | 21.8 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2023 | 2,023 | 19.47 | Authorised country-level annual series |
| Turkey · 2024 | 2,024 | 16.84 | Authorised country-level annual series |
What this visual showsA verified country trajectory in the measure’s stated unit.
What it does not establishA causal effect of Islamic finance on the observed outcome.
Descriptive comparison
Financing directed towards FIRE-related activities
Country-year medians by bank type. Each point reports its covered-bank count.
FIRE ordinarily refers to finance, insurance and real estate. Here the measure is broader: it captures bank financing reported for financial institutions, insurance, real estate and consumer-durable activities. It is used as a proxy for firm-level financialisation. The measure does not imply that every underlying financing claim is speculative, harmful or unproductive. It is a sectoral-allocation proxy and a level measure that is sensitive to bank size.
ConventionalIslamic
View chart data
| Series | Year | Logged FIRE-related financing volume (natural log) (natural-log units) | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional · 2000 | 2,000 | 26 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2000 | 2,000 | 16.78 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2001 | 2,001 | 26.98 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2001 | 2,001 | 16.75 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2002 | 2,002 | 26.22 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2002 | 2,002 | 15.95 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2003 | 2,003 | 26.33 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2003 | 2,003 | 16.96 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2004 | 2,004 | 26.41 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2004 | 2,004 | 16.8 | 2 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2005 | 2,005 | 26.72 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2005 | 2,005 | 18.2 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2006 | 2,006 | 27.22 | 6 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2006 | 2,006 | 18.51 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2007 | 2,007 | 27.73 | 8 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2007 | 2,007 | 20.63 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2008 | 2,008 | 27.93 | 11 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2008 | 2,008 | 20.49 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2009 | 2,009 | 26.17 | 17 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2009 | 2,009 | 21.19 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2010 | 2,010 | 26.28 | 22 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2010 | 2,010 | 19.8 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2011 | 2,011 | 26.43 | 22 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2011 | 2,011 | 21.29 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2012 | 2,012 | 26.7 | 23 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2012 | 2,012 | 20.54 | 1 covered bank |
| Conventional · 2013 | 2,013 | 26.38 | 22 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2013 | 2,013 | 22.36 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2014 | 2,014 | 26.82 | 22 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2014 | 2,014 | 22.65 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2015 | 2,015 | 26.8 | 23 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2015 | 2,015 | 22.58 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2016 | 2,016 | 26.76 | 23 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2016 | 2,016 | 22.43 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2017 | 2,017 | 26.93 | 24 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2017 | 2,017 | 22.36 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2018 | 2,018 | 26.93 | 21 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2018 | 2,018 | 22.29 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2019 | 2,019 | 26.77 | 20 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2019 | 2,019 | 22.3 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2020 | 2,020 | 26.34 | 21 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2020 | 2,020 | 22.57 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2021 | 2,021 | 26.52 | 21 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2021 | 2,021 | 22.18 | 3 covered banks |
| Conventional · 2022 | 2,022 | 26.61 | 20 covered banks |
| Islamic · 2022 | 2,022 | 22.12 | 3 covered banks |
What this visual showsDescriptive median logged volumes among covered banks.
What it does not establishA bank-size-adjusted or causal difference between bank types.
Institutional sources